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Expert has more than fifteen years of experience in the areas of experimental thin films and coatings. The range of thin films include, AL, Cr, Ni-Cr, Pd, Au, SeGe, In, polyvinylalcohol, polyvilylchloride, Si0x, electroless Au, electroless Ni, and electroless Pd. He has applied several characterization techniques for the study of films, such as electrical resistivity, thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) current, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and optical absorption spectroscopy. He has designed and developed coatings for meeting specific demands such as wear, corrosion resistance, and conductivity.

Expert has performed quantitative and qualitative surface analysis for the characterization of thin films and materials. Some of the examples are WC, TiN, stainless steel, Indium (tin) oxide, silicon nitride, SeGe, CdS, and cemented carbide tool bits. Also, he has applied surface analytical techniques for the identification of corrosion products on stainless steel and copper-based alloys used in thermal and nuclear power plants. He has made a significant contribution in this area by modifying scanning Auger microprobe (SAM) to measure electron beam induced currents (EBIC) of semiconductor devices and solar cells.


Expert has prepared and characterized WC, electroless Ni-P, and TiN coatings. Recently, he performed a comprehensive study of the state-of-the-art of micro-hardness testing instruments, particularly their applicability to thin coatings. Also, he has studied and analyzed the variations in microhardness of electroless Ni-P coatings due to heat treatment and process conditions as part of product development for a manufacturer (consulting work).

Expert was the first to apply non-aqueous-based spectrophotometric techniques for the estimation of Cu, Fe, and Co in metal doped polymer films. He has conducted a feasibility (including systems design) study of colorimetry-based techniques for the on-line detection and estimation of low level inorganic (Pb) contaminants in water. He found that with the application of lasers, such detection methods can be used for the monitoring of sub ppb (parts per billion) level metal contaminants. This technique is far superior to the existing analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption spectroscopy.


Expert has designed and constructed vacuum systems from 10(-3) Torr to 10(-12) Torr (ultra high vacuum). These systems he has developed have been used for physical vapor deposition (PVD), in-situ measurements, and surface science experiments.


Expert has considerable experience with a wide range of coating processes, including screen printing, dipping, electroplating, electroless deposition, sputtering, and evaporation. He has solved particularly difficult technological problems in this area, such as poor adhesion, lack of uniformity, scaling up a coating process, and coating internal inaccessible surfaces.

Expert has developed a coating process for the inner surfaces of tubing, pipes, or pumps. The coating prevents corrosion and radioactive buildup on stainless steel when exposed to a boiling water reactor environment. The coatings were tested and found to reduce radioactive buildup by almost 90%. Expert coated the inner surface of a heat exchanger from end-to-end with a two to three micron thick layer.


Expert wrote a review article to be published on the state-of-the-art of contactless torque sensors. He has also performed experiments on the design of such torque sensors and their related instrumentation.